Working Principle of Laser Cutting Machine

The laser cutting machine is to focus the laser emitted from the laser into a high power density laser beam through the optical path system. The laser beam shines on the surface of the workpiece to make the workpiece reach the melting point or boiling point, while the high-pressure gas coaxial with the beam will blow away the molten or vaporized metal.

With the movement of the relative position of the beam and the workpiece, the material will form a slit, to achieve the purpose of cutting.

Laser cutting processing uses invisible beams to replace traditional mechanical knives. It has the characteristics of high precision, fast cutting, not limited to cutting patterns, automatic typesetting to save materials, smooth incision, low processing cost, etc., and will gradually improve or replace the traditional metal cutting process equipment. The mechanical part of the laser cutter head has no contact with the workpiece and will not scratch the surface of the workpiece during operation; The laser cutting speed is fast, the incision is smooth and flat, and there is generally no need for subsequent processing; The cutting heat affected zone is small, the plate deformation is small, and the cutting seam is narrow (0.1mm~0.3mm); The notch is free of mechanical stress and shearing burr; High machining accuracy, good repeatability, and no damage to the material surface; NC programming, can process any plan, can cut the whole board with large format, no need to open a mold, economical and time-saving.

A laser is a kind of light. Like other natural light, it is generated by the transition of atoms (molecules or ions, etc.). But it is different from ordinary light because the laser only depends on spontaneous radiation in the initial very short time, and the subsequent process is completely determined by stimulated radiation. Therefore, the laser has a very pure color, almost no divergent directivity, extremely high luminous intensity, and high coherence.

Laser cutting is realized by using high power density energy generated after laser focusing. Under the control of the computer, the laser is discharged through pulses to output a controlled repetitive high-frequency pulse laser, forming a beam of a certain frequency and a certain pulse width. The pulse laser beam is transmitted and reflected through the optical path and focused on the surface of the processed object through the focusing lens group, forming tiny, high-energy density light spots. The focus spots are located near the surface to be processed, melting or gasification the processed material at an instant high temperature. Each high-energy laser pulse instantly splashes out a small hole on the surface of the object. Under the control of the computer, the laser processing head and the material to be processed carry out continuous relative movement and dot according to the pre-drawn figure, so that the object can be processed into the desired shape.

The process parameters (cutting speed, laser power, gas pressure, etc.) and movement track during slitting are controlled by the CNC system, and the slag at the slitting is blown off by the auxiliary gas under a certain pressure.

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